1: 1.) phosphorus pentachloride; 2.) aluminum chloride / 1.) benzene, reflux, 10 min; 2.) reflux, 30 min 2: 2.) conc. hydrochloric acid / 1.) ether, reflux, 12 h; 2.) methanol, reflux, 3 h 3: 93 percent / palladium on carbon / various solvent(s) / 3 h / Heating View Scheme