1: 80 percent / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C / acetic acid; methanol / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 2: 35 percent / MnCl2*4H2O, 1N NaOH, leucine aminopeptidase / H2O / 40 h / 37 °C View Scheme

1: 96 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 2280 Torr 2: 76 percent / conc. HCl / 100 °C 3: 52 percent / HCl gas / Heating View Scheme

1: 80 percent / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C / acetic acid; methanol / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 2: 35 percent / MnCl2*4H2O, 1N NaOH, leucine aminopeptidase / H2O / 40 h / 37 °C 3: 1) 0.5N NaOH / 1) dioxane, 16 h, RT, 2) ether 4: 52 percent / SOCl2 / 40 °C View Scheme