1: 75 percent / 98percent hydrazine hydrate / 10percent palladium on charcoal / ethanol; dioxane / 70 °C 2: 1.) NaNO2, conc. HCl; 2.) cuprous chloride / 1.) water, (-5) - 0 deg C; 2.) room temp., 120 min. View Scheme

trichlorophosphate 4 h; Heating;

1: 33 percent / 85percent m-CPBA / CHCl3 / 50 deg C, 2 h then r.t., 2 days 2: 33 percent / POCl3 / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; copper(l) chloride; sodium nitrite 1.) water, (-5) - 0 deg C; 2.) room temp., 120 min.; Yield given. Multistep reaction;