1: 92 percent / Et3N, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / acetonitrile / 0.5 h 2: 48.4 g / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 18 h View Scheme

1.1: n-BuLi / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -78 °C 1.2: tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether / 2 h / 20 °C 2.1: aq. KOH / methanol / 4 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: H2 / Pd/C 2: NaOH / H2O; dioxane View Scheme

2: 65 percent / triethylamine / H2O; dioxane / 3.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

sec.-butyllithium; (-)-sparteine in diethyl ether T=-78°C; 1.) 3 h; 2.) 50 min; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

1: Et3N / methanol / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 2: NaBH4 / methanol / 2.5 h / 5 °C 3: Et3N / H2O; dioxane / 2 h View Scheme

1: NaBH4 / methanol / 2.5 h / 5 °C 2: Et3N / H2O; dioxane / 2 h View Scheme

1: 1.) N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, 2.) MgCl2 / 1.) THF, RT, 2 h, 2.) THF, a) 50 deg C, 6 h, b) RT, 16 h 2: 72 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating 3: trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: toluene / 0.5 h / Heating 5: 65 percent / 0.1percent aq. K2HPO4/KH2PO4 buffer pH=6.0 / 240 h / 30 °C / Phaeocreopsis sp. JSM 1880 6: 1.) Ph3P, diethylazodicarboxylate, diphenylphosphoryl azide, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, 24 h, 2.) THF, reflux, 1 h View Scheme

1: 1.) N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, 2.) MgCl2 / 1.) THF, RT, 2 h, 2.) THF, a) 50 deg C, 6 h, b) RT, 16 h 2: 72 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating 3: trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: toluene / 0.5 h / Heating View Scheme

1: TBTU; diisopropylethylamine / CH2Cl2 / 3 h 2: trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h View Scheme