hydrogenchloride; titanium tetrachloride in dichloromethane T=-5 - 5°C; 3 h; further Lewis acids (BF3*(OC2H5)3);

1: 80 percent / anodic oxidation ( tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate as electrolyte); 2.1 F/mol electricity 2: 75 percent / TiCl4, HCl / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / -5 - 5 °C / further Lewis acids (BF3*(OC2H5)3) View Scheme

potassium carbonate in diethyl ether T=-10°C; 1 h;

1: K2CO3 / diethyl ether / 1 h / -10 °C 2: dioxane / Heating 3: p-TsOH*H2O / benzene / 3 h / Heating 4: 70 percent / KOH, NH2-NH2*H2O / ethane-1,2-diol / 1.5 h / Heating View Scheme