1.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / toluene / 18 h / |Dean-Stark; |Reflux 2.1: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; sodium t-butanolate / 1,4-dioxane / 4 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3.1: sodium t-butanolate / 1,4-dioxane / 8 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4.1: ethanol; water / 18 h / 90 °C 5.1: water; ammonium chloride / ethanol / 3 h / 90 °C 5.2: 3 h / 90 °C View Scheme

1.1: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; sodium t-butanolate / 1,4-dioxane / 4 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: sodium t-butanolate / 1,4-dioxane / 8 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3.1: ethanol; water / 18 h / 90 °C 4.1: water; ammonium chloride / ethanol / 3 h / 90 °C 4.2: 3 h / 90 °C View Scheme

10 palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen