methanol; potassium hydroxide T=20°C;

1: 100 percent / 69.8percent nitric acid, conc. H2SO4 / 16 h / 20 °C 2: 63.8 percent / iron filings / methanol / 16 h / Heating 3: tris(2-tolyl)phosphine, palladium(II) acetate, triethylamine / 22 h / 90 - 100 °C 4: potassium carbonate / methanol / 16 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: 63.8 percent / iron filings / methanol / 16 h / Heating 2: tris(2-tolyl)phosphine, palladium(II) acetate, triethylamine / 22 h / 90 - 100 °C 3: potassium carbonate / methanol / 16 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: tris(2-tolyl)phosphine, palladium(II) acetate, triethylamine / 22 h / 90 - 100 °C 2: potassium carbonate / methanol / 16 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: 52.6 percent / iron filings, hydrochloric acid / methanol / 16 h / Heating; pH=4-5 2: potassium carbonate / methanol / 16 h / 25 °C View Scheme