hydrogenchloride; iron in methanol 0.166667 h;

1: NH2OH*HCl, NaOAc / H2O / 2 h / Heating 2: 1.) PCl5, 2.) H2SO4 / 1.) POCl3, stem bath, 1 h, 2.) water, 15 min View Scheme

1: 71 percent / hydrochloric acid, iron / methanol; dioxane / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 1.) sodium nitrite, sulfuric acid, 2.) copper(I) bromide, aq. hydrochloric acid / 1.) acetic acid, 40 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 65 to 90 deg C 3: 78 percent / iron, concentrated hydrochloric acid / methanol / 0.17 h View Scheme

1: 1.) sodium nitrite, sulfuric acid, 2.) copper(I) bromide, aq. hydrochloric acid / 1.) acetic acid, 40 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 65 to 90 deg C 2: 78 percent / iron, concentrated hydrochloric acid / methanol / 0.17 h View Scheme

1: 82 percent / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C 2: 71 percent / hydrochloric acid, iron / methanol; dioxane / 0.5 h / Heating 3: 1.) sodium nitrite, sulfuric acid, 2.) copper(I) bromide, aq. hydrochloric acid / 1.) acetic acid, 40 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 65 to 90 deg C 4: 78 percent / iron, concentrated hydrochloric acid / methanol / 0.17 h View Scheme

phosphorus pentachloride; sulfuric acid 1.) POCl3, stem bath, 1 h, 2.) water, 15 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

potassium acetate; bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride in toluene T=20 - 110°C; 17 h; Industry scale;

in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=130 - 140°C; 3 h;