oxygen; copper diacetate; potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=60°C; P=760.051 Torr;

1: 71 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; hydrogen / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 24 h / 20 °C / 5171.48 Torr 2: 80 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 8 h / 20 °C 3: 81 percent / LiOH*H2O / ethanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme