in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=60°C; 3 h;

1: 85 percent / sulphuric acid / 12 h / Heating 2: 80 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide 3: 85 percent / KOH / H2O / 1 h / Heating 4: thionyl chloride / benzene / 2 h / Heating 5: hydrogen / Pd-BaSO4, sulphur-quinoline poison / xylene / Heating 6: 90 percent / HCl (gas) / benzene / overnight 7: 70 percent / hydrogen / Pd-C / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 8: 45 percent / diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h 9: 90 percent / hydrazine hydrate / Raney-Ni / methanol / 1 h / Heating 10: 85 percent / pyridine / 6 h / Ambient temperature 11: 70 percent / PTSA / benzene / 0.5 h / Heating 12: 95 percent / liquor ammonia / methanol / 0.75 h View Scheme

1: pyridine / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2: SOCl2 / 0.5 h / 70 °C View Scheme