alpha-hydroxyethanoic acid; Tris buffer in water T=25°C; general acid catalysis: other buffer (phosphate), other catalysts (acetic acid, cacodylic acid, imidazole), pH 8.03 - pH 8.56; inverse solvent deuterium isotope effect (phosphate buffer, pH 7.5); MechanismRate constant;

in tetrahydrofuran 21 h; Ambient temperature;

1: 20 percent / H2O / 0.25 h 2: 54 percent / P2O5, p-toluenesulfonic acid / toluene / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

in pentan-1-ol 71 h; Ambient temperature;