sodium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in ethanol; water; toluene 12 h; Reflux;

tripotassium phosphate monohydrate; (NC5H3(N2C7H4(CH2)3CH3)2)NiBr(1+)*Br(1-)=Ni(NC5H3(N2C7H4(CH2)3CH3)2)Br2; tri-cyclo-hexyl-phosphine in toluene T=120°C; Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; 12 h; Inert atmosphereSchlenk technique;

hydrogen bromide; acetic acid

diethyl ether

1,2-diphenylethane (bibenzyl) T=400°C; arylation rate relative to hydrogen abstraction from toluene; other temp.; without bibenzyl; Mechanism;

T=117.5°C; Rate constant;