Cl2Ni(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) in toluene T=60°C; 4 h;

1: benzaldehyde; acetophenone With sodium hydroxide T=25°C; 2.5 h; 2: 2-cyanonaphthalene With hydroxylamine; acetic acid T=25°C; 2.5 h; 3: T=150°C; 0.05 h; microwave irradiation; Further stages.;

ammonium acetate; oxygen in acetic acid; dimethyl sulfoxide T=80 - 90°C; 12 h;

1.1: tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 20 °C 1.2: 100 percent / 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone; aq. AcOH / tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / 20 °C 2.1: 100 percent / NiCl2(dppe) / toluene / 4 h / 60 °C View Scheme

9-molybdo-3-vanadophosphoric acid; ammonium acetate in acetonitrile 6.5 h; Reflux;