1: 1.) NaNO2, 40percent H2SO4; 2.) CuSO4.5H2O, NaCl / 1.) water, -12 deg C, 2 h; 2.) water, -2 deg C, 2 h, room temperature 2: 98 percent / hydrogen chloride / ice-cooling 3: 99 percent / H2, triethylamine / 10percent Pd-C / ethanol 4: 78 percent / methanol 5: 88 percent / p-TsOH / toluene / 4 h / Heating View Scheme