1: With sodium hydroxide in water 16 h; Reflux; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water Cooling with ice;

1: 55 percent / AcOH, perchloric acid (3 drops) / 0.25 h / Ambient temperature 2: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h 4: 27 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Irradiation 5: 9 percent / KOH (40percent) / ethanol; dioxane / 2.5 h / Heating 6: 65 percent / potassium dichromate / dioxane; acetic acid / 5 h / Ambient temperature 7: 28 percent / MnO2, H2SO4 (conc.) / 0.5 h / 60 °C 8: silver oxide / dioxane / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 99 percent / 60percent HClO4 / H2O; acetic acid 2: 97 percent / H2 / Pd/C (5percent) / ethyl acetate; ethanol 3: CH3ONa / methanol View Scheme

1.1: 99 percent / AcOH; 60 percent aq. HClO4 / 0.08 h / 35 °C 2.1: 97 percent / H2 / 5 percent Pd/C / ethanol 3.1: MeONa / methanol / 0.33 h / 60 °C 3.2: 20 percent / NaBH4 / methanol / 4 h / 60 °C 4.1: 76 percent / 1N NaOH / 3 h / 45 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydroxide / water / 16 h / |Reflux 1.2: |Cooling with ice 2.1: oxalyl dichloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / toluene / 1 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 99 percent / 60percent HClO4 / H2O; acetic acid 2: 97 percent / H2 / Pd/C (5percent) / ethyl acetate; ethanol 3: CH3ONa / methanol 4: NaBH4 / methanol View Scheme