ammonium hydroxide; iron(II) sulfate in ethanol; water T=80°C; 12 h;

1: acetic acid anhydride; dinitrogen trioxide 2: benzene 3: iron; acetic acid View Scheme

1: acetic acid anhydride; mercury (II)-nitrate; nitric acid 2: acetic acid anhydride; dinitrogen trioxide 3: benzene 4: iron; acetic acid View Scheme

1: benzene 2: iron; acetic acid View Scheme

1: 91 percent / acetic acid / 2 h / 70 °C 2: 64 percent / KMnO4, MgSO4 / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O; acetic acid / 8 h / Heating 3: 88 percent / aq. NH2NH2 / ethanol / 8 h / 50 °C 4: 91 percent / NaOAc / 2-methoxy-ethanol / 48 h / 70 °C View Scheme

1: 91 percent / acetic acid / 2 h / 70 °C 2: 64 percent / KMnO4, MgSO4 / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O; acetic acid / 8 h / Heating 3: 88 percent / aq. NH2NH2 / ethanol / 8 h / 50 °C 4: 76 percent / 0.25 h / 160 °C View Scheme