Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 95 percent / pyridine2: H2 / catalytic hydrogenolysis3: silver triflate, sym-collidine / nitromethane; toluene / -25 °C4: debenzoylation  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 93 percent / toluene-p-sulfonic acid / dimethylformamide / 1.5 h / 70 °C / 12 Torr2: 72 percent / mercury(II) cyanide, molecular sieve 3 Angstroem / acetonitrile / 24 h / Ambient temperature3: 95 percent / KOH / dioxane4: 92 percent / aq. 90percent acetic acid / 2 h / 85 °C  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 96 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate / 15 h / Ambient temperature2: 78 percent / mercuric cyanide; molecular sieve (4 Amgstroem) / nitromethane; toluene / 3 h / Ambient temperature3: 99 percent / sodium methoxide; methanol / CH2Cl2 / overnight; pH = 94: 80 percent / potassium hydroxide / dimethylformamide