oxygen; iron(III) chloride in 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one T=120°C; 20 h;

hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride in water T=70 - 75°C; 3 h;

1: 66 percent / Fe; aq. HCl / ethanol / 0.75 h / Heating 2: 55 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 3 h / 120 °C 3: FeCl3*6H2O; O2 / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 20 h / 120 °C View Scheme

1: 39 percent / I2; oleum / 1.25 h / 120 °C 2: 66 percent / Fe; aq. HCl / ethanol / 0.75 h / Heating 3: 55 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 3 h / 120 °C 4: FeCl3*6H2O; O2 / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 20 h / 120 °C View Scheme

1: 55 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 3 h / 120 °C 2: FeCl3*6H2O; O2 / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 20 h / 120 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in water T=0 - 2°C; Schotten-Baumann acylation; 4 h;