N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium dichloroiodate in methanol; 1,2-dichloro-ethane 3 h; Heating;

pyridine; formic acid; chlorosulphonyl isocyanate in acetonitrile T=0 - 10°C; Inert atmosphere;

1: 90 percent / NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 2: 0.2M ammonium nitrate / methanol; H2O / cathodic reduction 3: 5M KOH / ethanol / Heating 4: cond. H2SO4 / H2O; dioxane / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 5M KOH / ethanol / Heating 2: cond. H2SO4 / H2O; dioxane / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 91 percent / CHCl3; dimethylformamide / cathodic reduction 2: 90 percent / NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 3: 0.2M ammonium nitrate / methanol; H2O / cathodic reduction 4: 5M KOH / ethanol / Heating 5: cond. H2SO4 / H2O; dioxane / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

palladium(II) 2,4-pentanedionate; tributyl-amine; 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenyl-phosphino)xanthene T=90°C; P=7500.75 Torr; 15 h; Inert atmosphereAutoclaveSchlenk technique;

in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=50°C; 0.25 h;