1: tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride / benzene / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: titanium tetrachloride / dichloromethane / -78 - 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: scandium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate) / nitromethane / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 4: palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetone / 24 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere 5: bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride; stannous bromide / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 24 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: titanium tetrachloride / dichloromethane / -78 - 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: scandium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate) / nitromethane / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetone / 24 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere 4: bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride; stannous bromide / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 24 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: scandium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate) / nitromethane / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetone / 24 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere 3: bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride; stannous bromide / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 24 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

2: KOH / methanol; hexane; H2O / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

2: KOH / methanol; hexane; H2O / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in methanol; hexane; water 2 h; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Multistep reaction;

1: methylene blue, O2 / ethanol / Irradiation 2: O2 / cyclohexane / Irradiation View Scheme

sodium tetrahydroborate in methanol; di-isopropyl ether 0.166667 h;

sodium disulfite in diethyl ether; water Heating; Yield given;