water; formic acid in 1,4-dioxane T=25.2°C; var. acid catalysts, var. pH, catalytic constants, ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.); Rate constantThermodynamic data;

water; formic acid in 1,4-dioxane T=25.2°C; var. acid catalysts, var. pH, catalytic constants, ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.); Rate constantThermodynamic data;

in water; acetonitrile T=20°C; Irradiation; Product distributionMechanism;