1.1: acetic acid / 3.5 h / 60 °C / |Large scale 2.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 7 h / 60 °C / |Large scale 3.1: nitric acid / nitromethane / 8 h / 20 - 35 °C / |Large scale 4.1: hydrogen / methanol / 12 h / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr / |Large scale 5.1: acetic acid / 5 h / 20 °C / |Large scale 6.1: sodium t-butanolate / tert-butyl alcohol / 3 h / |Reflux; |Large scale 6.2: 1 h / 40 - 50 °C / pH Ca. 4 / |Large scale 7.1: trichlorophosphate; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / ethyl acetate / 3 h / |Reflux; |Large scale View Scheme

1.1: acetic acid / 2 h / 60 °C 2.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 60 °C 3.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3.2: 22 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4.1: bromine / dichloromethane / 13 h 5.1: dimethyl sulfoxide; ethanol; water / 5 h / 0 - 25 °C 6.1: acetic anhydride / 2 h / 120 °C 7.1: ammonia / ethanol / 2 h / 10 - 20 °C 8.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 3 h / 120 °C / |Inert atmosphere 9.1: trichlorophosphate; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 20 °C / |Reflux View Scheme

1.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 60 °C 2.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.2: 22 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3.1: bromine / dichloromethane / 13 h 4.1: dimethyl sulfoxide; ethanol; water / 5 h / 0 - 25 °C 5.1: acetic anhydride / 2 h / 120 °C 6.1: ammonia / ethanol / 2 h / 10 - 20 °C 7.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 3 h / 120 °C / |Inert atmosphere 8.1: trichlorophosphate; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 20 °C / |Reflux View Scheme

1: pyridine hydrochloride / isopropyl alcohol / Reflux 2: hydrogenchloride / water / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: methanesulfonic acid / ethanol / 2 h / |Reflux 2.1: hydrogenchloride; water / |Reflux 3.1: 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole / tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / 40 °C 4.1: hydrogenchloride; water / 0 - 40 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4.2: 3 h / -20 °C View Scheme

1: With methanesulfonic acid in ethanol 6 h; Reflux; 2: With hydrogenchloride; water in ethanol T=80°C; 19 h; 3: With potassium carbonate in methanol 3 h;

1: pyridine hydrochloride / isopropyl alcohol / Reflux 2: hydrogenchloride / water / 5 h / Reflux View Scheme

pyridine hydrochloride in isopropyl alcohol Reflux;