1: malonic acid dimethyl ester With sodium methylate in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=69 - 74°C; 2: With copper(l) iodide; copper(I) bromide in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=54°C; Heating / reflux; 3: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl bromide With sodium hydroxide; copper(l) iodide; copper(I) bromide more than 3 stages;

sodium hydroxide in methanol; water T=10 - 60°C;

1: (COCl)2; DMF / CH2Cl2 2: diethyl ether / 0 °C 3: aq. Ag2O / dioxane View Scheme

1: diethyl ether / 0 °C 2: aq. Ag2O / dioxane View Scheme

oxalyl dichloride in dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=0 - 20°C; 4 h;

1: [3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-acetic acid With n-butyllithium 2: methyl iodide

4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane T=20°C;

borane-THF in tetrahydrofuran T=0°C; 4 h;