1: 93 percent / LiOH*H2O / H2O; ethanol / 1 h 2: aq. NaOH; acylase I from Aspergillus melleus / CoCl2*6H2O / aq. phosphate buffer / 48 h / 39 °C / pH 7.2 View Scheme

1: 93 percent / LiOH*H2O / H2O; ethanol / 1 h 2: aq. NaOH; acylase I from Aspergillus melleus / CoCl2*6H2O / aq. phosphate buffer / 48 h / 39 °C / pH 7.2 3: NaHCO3 / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h View Scheme

water; lithium chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide T=150°C; 16 h;

1.1: H2SO4 / dioxane / 48 h / 20 °C 2.1: NaI / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / Heating 3.1: NaH / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h 3.2: 93 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 20 °C 4.1: 98 percent / LiCl*H2O; water / dimethylsulfoxide / 16 h / 150 °C View Scheme

1.1: NaI / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / Heating 2.1: NaH / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h 2.2: 93 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 20 °C 3.1: 98 percent / LiCl*H2O; water / dimethylsulfoxide / 16 h / 150 °C View Scheme

1.1: NaH / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h 1.2: 93 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 20 °C 2.1: 98 percent / LiCl*H2O; water / dimethylsulfoxide / 16 h / 150 °C View Scheme

lithium hydroxide in ethanol; water 1 h;