1: With sodium methylate in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=20°C; 22.1667 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=55°C; 1.75 h; 3: With acetic acid in toluene pH=5; 0.25 h;

1: With sodium methylate in tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene T=0 - 5°C; 1.5 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: With citric acid in tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene T=20 - 25°C; 0.5 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1.1: sodium methylate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 1 h / -10 °C 1.2: 20 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 25 h / 5 - 20 °C / Industry scale 2.2: Industry scale View Scheme

1.1: sodium methylate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 1 h / -10 °C 1.2: 20 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 25 h / 5 - 20 °C / Industry scale 2.2: Industry scale 3.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene; ethanol / 2.5 h / 0 - 30 °C / Industry scale View Scheme

1: With sodium methylate in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=20°C; 22.1667 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=55°C; 1.75 h; 3: With acetic acid in toluene pH=5; 0.25 h;