hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon in methanol T=70°C; P=3677.86 Torr; 5 h;

ammonia in ethanol T=110°C; 3 h;

sodium hydroxide in water; acetone T=55 - 60°C; 1 h;

1: in ethanol T=20°C; 1 h; 2: With ammonia in methanol T=110°C; 72 h;

titanium tetrachloride in dichloromethane T=30°C;

ammonia in isopropyl alcohol T=80 - 89°C; 2.66667 h;

1: 1.) magnesium, iodine / 1.) THF, reflux, 1 h, 2.) r.t., THF, 1.5 h 2: 90 percent / MnO2 / dioxane / 5 h / Heating 3: 95 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 1.) trifluoroacetic acid, triethylsilane, 2.) H2 / Pd/C / 1.) r.t., CH2Cl2, 2.) r.t., 1 bar, 2 h, H2O View Scheme

1: 95 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) trifluoroacetic acid, triethylsilane, 2.) H2 / Pd/C / 1.) r.t., CH2Cl2, 2.) r.t., 1 bar, 2 h, H2O View Scheme

1: 90 percent / MnO2 / dioxane / 5 h / Heating 2: 95 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) trifluoroacetic acid, triethylsilane, 2.) H2 / Pd/C / 1.) r.t., CH2Cl2, 2.) r.t., 1 bar, 2 h, H2O View Scheme

1.1: oxalyl dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / dichloromethane / 2 h / 15 - 25 °C 2.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 2 h 3.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.83 h / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 200 h / 0 - 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.3: pH 1 4.1: acetic acid / 1 h / 100 °C 4.2: 2 h / Reflux 5.1: hydrogen / Raney Ni / methanol / 6 h / 50 °C / 2206.72 Torr 6.1: acetic acid / ethanol / 4 h / Reflux 7.1: diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran / 2.5 h / 25 °C 7.2: 3 h / Reflux 8.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 5 h / 70 °C / 3677.86 Torr View Scheme