1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C 5: 93 percent / conc. H2SO4 / H2O / 1.5 h / Heating 6: 86 percent / dimethylsulfoxide / 2.5 h / 140 °C View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C 5: 93 percent / conc. H2SO4 / H2O / 1.5 h / Heating View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C 5: 93 percent / conc. H2SO4 / H2O / 1.5 h / Heating 6: 79 percent / pyridine / 8 h / Heating 7: 98 percent / conc. HCl / H2O / Heating View Scheme

toluene-4-sulfonic acid in water 5 h; Heating; Yield given;

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C 5: 93 percent / conc. H2SO4 / H2O / 1.5 h / Heating 6: 79 percent / pyridine / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

magnesium in tetrachloromethane; ice-water; ethanol

tetrachloromethane; ethanol; magnesium in ethanol; toluene 1.) 0 to -5 deg C, 2.) 12 h, room temperature; Yield given;

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 2: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C View Scheme