1: With sodium hypobromide in 1,4-dioxane; water T=20°C; 18 h; 2: With water; acetic acid in 1,4-dioxane pH=7 - 8;

1: With hydrogenchloride in 1,4-dioxane; water T=20°C; 1 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in 1,4-dioxane; water

1: triphenylphosphine / 1,2-dichloro-benzene / 12 h / 165 °C 2: hydrogenchloride / 1,4-dioxane; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; potassium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane / 23 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: triphenylphosphine / 1,2-dichloro-benzene / 12 h / 165 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / 1,4-dioxane; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; potassium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane / 23 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: triphenylphosphine / 1,2-dichloro-benzene / 12 h / 165 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / 1,4-dioxane; water / 1 h / 20 °C View Scheme

in acetic acid T=20°C; 12 h;