1: With sodium hydroxide; water T=20 - 60°C; pH=12.5; 1 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride T=0 - 60°C; pH=5;

1: With 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine in tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate T=20°C; 1.5 h; 2: With acetic acid T=90°C; Product distribution / selectivity;