1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene / 0.83 h / -70 - -60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.67 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.3: Inert atmosphere 3.1: manganese(IV) oxide / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 20 °C 4.1: lithium diisopropyl amide / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: -70 - -30 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.3: -50 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / toluene / 3 h / -15 - 0 °C 6.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 10 °C 7.1: acetonitrile / 0.33 h / 70 °C 7.2: 6 h / 70 °C 8.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.83 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.2: 16 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.3: Inert atmosphere 9.1: ethanol 10.1: sodium hydroxide / water View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene / 0.83 h / -70 - -60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.67 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.3: Inert atmosphere 3.1: manganese(IV) oxide / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 20 °C 4.1: lithium diisopropyl amide / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: -70 - -30 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.3: -50 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / toluene / 3 h / -15 - 0 °C 6.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 10 °C 7.1: acetonitrile / 0.33 h / 70 °C 7.2: 6 h / 70 °C 8.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.83 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.2: 16 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.3: Inert atmosphere 9.1: Chiralpak AD column / ethanol; hexane / Resolution of racemate; HPLC conditions View Scheme

1: NaN3 / dioxane / 2 h / -5 °C 2: dimethylformamide; H2O / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene / 0.83 h / -70 - -60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.67 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.3: Inert atmosphere 3.1: manganese(IV) oxide / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 20 °C 4.1: lithium diisopropyl amide / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: -70 - -30 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.3: -50 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / toluene / 3 h / -15 - 0 °C 6.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 10 °C 7.1: acetonitrile / 0.33 h / 70 °C 7.2: 6 h / 70 °C 8.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.83 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.2: 16 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.3: Inert atmosphere 9.1: Chiralpak AD column / ethanol; hexane / Resolution of racemate; HPLC conditions View Scheme

4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; Fonderma in tetrachloromethane; chlorobenzene T=100°C; 4 h;

1: ammonia / dichloromethane; methanol / 3 h / 20 °C 2: trifluoroacetic anhydride; pyridine / 1,4-dioxane / 3 h / 0 - 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene / 0.83 h / -70 - -60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.67 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.3: Inert atmosphere 3.1: manganese(IV) oxide / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 20 °C 4.1: lithium diisopropyl amide / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: -70 - -30 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.3: -50 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / toluene / 3 h / -15 - 0 °C 6.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 10 °C 7.1: acetonitrile / 0.33 h / 70 °C 7.2: 6 h / 70 °C 8.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.83 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.2: 16 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.3: Inert atmosphere View Scheme