1: 80.6 percent / KOH / ethanol / 2 h / Heating 2: 82.4 percent / 10percent NaOH / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 80.6 percent / KOH / ethanol / 2 h / Heating 2: 82.4 percent / 10percent NaOH / 2 h / Heating 3: 43.6 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 17 h / 120 - 125 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) KOH, 2.) aq. NaOH / 1.) EtOH, reflux, 2 h, 2.) EtOH, 120 deg C, 18 h 2: POCl3 / 0.1 h / 115 °C 3: CHCl3 / 0.5 h / 40 °C 4: 92 percent / Et3N / ethanol / Heating 5: 83 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) KOH, 2.) aq. NaOH / 1.) EtOH, reflux, 2 h, 2.) EtOH, 120 deg C, 18 h 2: POCl3 / 0.1 h / 115 °C 3: CHCl3 / 0.5 h / 40 °C 4: 73 percent / Et3N / ethanol / Heating 5: 87 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) KOH, 2.) aq. NaOH / 1.) EtOH, reflux, 2 h, 2.) EtOH, 120 deg C, 18 h 2: POCl3 / 0.1 h / 115 °C 3: CHCl3 / 0.5 h / 40 °C 4: 75 percent / Et3N / ethanol / Heating 5: 63 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / Heating View Scheme