1: aq. NaOH / 12 h / Heating 2: P2O5/H3PO4 / 0.75 h / 60 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) HONO, 2.) CuBr / 1.) aq. acetone, 0 deg C 2: 1.)Zn, 2.) H2= / 1.) THF 3: aq. NaOH / 12 h / Heating 4: P2O5/H3PO4 / 0.75 h / 60 °C View Scheme

1: 1.)Zn, 2.) H2= / 1.) THF 2: aq. NaOH / 12 h / Heating 3: P2O5/H3PO4 / 0.75 h / 60 °C View Scheme

(i) Cu, (ii) polyphosphoric acid; Multistep reaction;

1: (i) Na, EtOH, (ii) /BRN= 2440576/, (iii) aq. NaOH 2: (i) Cu, (ii) polyphosphoric acid View Scheme

1: 84 percent / potassium t-butoxide / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / 50 h / 20 °C 2: 84 percent / n-butyl-lithium, diethylamine / hexane; tetrahydrofuran; hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide 3: 1.) di-isobutylaluminium hydride, 2.) aqueous acetic acid / 1.) toluene, -78 deg C, 2.5 h, 2.) room temperature, 30 min 4: 98 percent / m-hydrochloric acid / tetrahydrofuran / 12 h 5: 92 percent / aqueous potassium hydroxide / methanol / 24 h / 20 °C 6: 85 percent / lithium 1,1-dimethylethanethiolate / hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide / 2 h / 70 °C 7: 51 mg / H2 / 5percent Pd-C / ethyl acetate 8: 33 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol / 3 h View Scheme

1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 2: TsOH / dioxane; H2O / Heating View Scheme

boron trichloride in dichloromethane 1.) 0 deg C, 2.) 20 deg C, 2 h;

1.1: diethyl oxalate; NaOMe / toluene / 0 - 20 °C 1.2: 54 percent / KOH; aq. H2O2 / methanol / 19 h 2.1: 96.7 percent / acetic anhydride / toluene / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 91 percent / n-pentyl nitrite, concd. HCl / methanol / 0.08 h / Heating 2: H2, HClO4 / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 60 °C / 2327.2 Torr View Scheme