1: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature 3: 1) lithium diisopropylamide, 2) hexachloroacetone / 1) THF, -78 deg C, 2) up to room temp. View Scheme

1: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature 3: 1) lithium diisopropylamide / 1) THF, -78 deg C, 30 min, 2) up to room temp. 4: 1) lithium diisopropylamide / 1) THF, 0 deg C, 30 min, 2) up to room temp. 5: 99 percent / CsF, H2O / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 6: 61 percent / 6 N HCl / Heating 7: COCl2, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 8: 1) n-BuLi, bipyridyl / 1) THF, -35 -> -5 deg C, 2) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h 9: 98 percent / acetic anhydride / 3 h / Heating 10: ethanol / a) 5 - 15 deg C, 90 min, b) 2 h , room temp. 11: 1) 60percent NaH, 2) 6 M HCl / 1) THF, room temp., 2) reflux, 3 h View Scheme

1: 1.) biquinoline, n-butyllithium / 1.) THF, -30 deg C to - 5 deg C, 2.) -50 deg C, 0.5 h 2: 1.) acetic anhydride / 1.) 125 deg C, 2 h, 2.) methylene chloride, 45 min 3: 77 percent / sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran / 13 h / 50 °C 4: 98 percent / 6 N hydrochloric acid / trifluoroacetic acid / 48 h / 70 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) Mg/ethanol, CCl4 / 1.) ethanol, toluene, 1 h, 60-70 deg C; 2.) toluene, 0 to -5 deg C; 12 h, room temperature 2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / H2O / 5 h / Heating 3: acetic anhydride / 2 h / Heating 4: 94 percent / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 5: 84 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 140 - 150 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine / chloroform 2: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; potassium tert-butylate / tert-butyl alcohol View Scheme