1: 49.2 percent / K2CO3, Cu, glycerine / 8 h / 195 °C 2: 1.) POCl3 / 1.) 40-45 deg C, 45 min, 2.) r.t., 16 h, then 70 deg C, 6 h View Scheme

trichlorophosphate 1.) 40-45 deg C, 45 min, 2.) r.t., 16 h, then 70 deg C, 6 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

sodium hydroxide; formic acid; dihydrogen peroxide 1.) -5 deg C, 3-4 h then -10 deg C, 16 h, 2.) 50 deg C, 30 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction;