sulfuric acid Ambient temperature;

1: 75 percent / dimethylformamide / 22 h / Ambient temperature 2: 100 percent / ammonium acetate / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 120 - 130 °C 3: 70 percent / conc. H2SO4 / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 100 percent / ammonium acetate / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 120 - 130 °C 2: 70 percent / conc. H2SO4 / Ambient temperature View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite in water 1) ice bath, 2 h, 2) RT, 2 h, 3) steam bath, 5 h;

1: 50 percent / conc. HCl, NaNO2 / H2O / 1) ice bath, 2 h, 2) RT, 2 h, 3) steam bath, 5 h 2: 62 percent / aq. NaOH / 7 h / Heating View Scheme