in toluene 3 h; Ambient temperature;

1: sodium n-butoxide (from sodium and 1-butanol) / butan-1-ol / 5 h / Heating 2: 81 percent / 2 h / 120 °C 3: 25 percent / diphenyl ether / 2 h / 235 - 255 °C 4: POCl3 / Heating 5: 1) NH3 (liquid), 2) NaOH / 1) 90 to 100 deg C, 12 h, 2) EtOH, water, 45 to 50 deg C, 10 h View Scheme