1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one T=100°C; 20 h;

sodium hydroxide in water 1 h; Heating;

1: 47.6 percent / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C 2: 89 percent / 0.5 h / 120 °C 3: 65 percent / diphenyl ether / 30 h / Heating 4: 85.4 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating 5: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 6: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 7: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 75.4 percent / acetic acid 2: 47.6 percent / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C 3: 89 percent / 0.5 h / 120 °C 4: 65 percent / diphenyl ether / 30 h / Heating 5: 85.4 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating 6: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 7: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 8: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 89 percent / 0.5 h / 120 °C 2: 65 percent / diphenyl ether / 30 h / Heating 3: 85.4 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating 4: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 5: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 6: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 2: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 3: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 85.4 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating 2: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 3: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 4: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 65 percent / diphenyl ether / 30 h / Heating 2: 85.4 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating 3: 65.1 percent / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 80 °C 4: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 5: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 30 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Rh/Al2O3 / acetic acid / 7 h / 50 °C / 3040 Torr 2: 70 percent / 10percent sodium hydroxide / H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 98 percent / pyridine, 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 2.) 3 h, room temperature 2: 76.8 percent / NaH / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature 3: 82.2 percent / Et4NOTs, HOAc, t-BuOH / 1.) anodic oxidation (3.3 mA cm-1), room temperature, 2.) room temperature, 1 d 4: K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 75 - 80 °C 5: 2N aq. NaOH / 3 h / Heating 6: 83.8 percent / N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone / 20 h / 100 °C View Scheme