potassium carbonate; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride in water; ethyl acetate; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene T=85°C; 48 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamino)ethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide; palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=110°C; 12 h;

1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-oxo-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamino)ethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide; palladium diacetate; sodium hydroxide in 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; dichloromethane; water T=130°C; Suzuki coupling; 12 h;