1.1: hydrogenchloride / water; methanol / 2.25 h / 0 °C / |Reflux 1.2: 1 h / |Reflux 2.1: trichlorophosphate; N,N-dimethyl-aniline / 12 h / 0 °C / |Reflux View Scheme

1: oxyacetic acid ethyl ester With sodium hydride in diethyl ether T=20°C; 0.75 h; Inert atmosphereCooling with ice; 2: ethyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide T=20°C; Cooling with ice;