1: LiBr, H2O / dimethylformamide / 6 h / Heating 2: 1 h / subtilisin, pH 7 buffer 3: 20 h / kidney acylase I, pH 7 buffer 4: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O 5: 78 percent / SO2Cl2 6: 92 percent / Bu3SnH, AIBN / toluene View Scheme

1: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O 2: 78 percent / SO2Cl2 3: 92 percent / Bu3SnH, AIBN / toluene View Scheme

1: 20 h / kidney acylase I, pH 7 buffer 2: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O 3: 78 percent / SO2Cl2 4: 92 percent / Bu3SnH, AIBN / toluene View Scheme

1: 1 h / subtilisin, pH 7 buffer 2: 20 h / kidney acylase I, pH 7 buffer 3: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O 4: 78 percent / SO2Cl2 5: 92 percent / Bu3SnH, AIBN / toluene View Scheme

1: 78 percent / SO2Cl2 2: 92 percent / Bu3SnH, AIBN / toluene View Scheme

1: 68 percent 2: 76 percent / I(1-) / acetone 3: 1.) CuI, butyl sulfide / 1.) Et2O, -60 deg C, 30 min; 2.) Et2O, -60 deg C, 18 h View Scheme

1: 76 percent / I(1-) / acetone 2: 1.) CuI, butyl sulfide / 1.) Et2O, -60 deg C, 30 min; 2.) Et2O, -60 deg C, 18 h View Scheme

1: hydrogenchloride / ethyl acetate; water / pH 2.0 2: toluene; hexane; methanol / 2 h View Scheme

triethylamine in acetonitrile 1.5 h; Ambient temperature; Yield given;

1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / acetonitrile / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: diisobutylaluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 1 h / -78 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran; water / 0.5 h / 0 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4: 1H-imidazole; triphenylphosphine; iodine / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 5: cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate; sodium iodide / acetonitrile / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 6: neat (no solvent) / 2 h / 80 °C / |Inert atmosphere 7: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); diethylamine; 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 8: potassium phosphate / chlorobenzene / 15 h / 90 °C / |Inert atmosphere 9: |Inert atmosphere View Scheme