1: triethylamine; diphenyl phosphoryl azide / toluene / 2 h / 75 °C 2: sodium hydrogencarbonate / (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride / ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water / 90 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: water; lithium hydroxide hydrate / methanol / 20 °C 4: sodium hydroxide / ethanol / Industry scale View Scheme

1: triethylamine; diphenyl phosphoryl azide / toluene / 2 h / 75 °C 2: sodium hydrogencarbonate / (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride / ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water / 90 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: water; lithium hydroxide hydrate / methanol / 20 °C View Scheme

1: With lithium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; 2: With oxalic acid in water pH=~ 4;

1.1: oxalyl dichloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / toluene / 3 h / 20 °C 2.1: pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3.1: acetic acid; hydroxylamine hydrochloride / 2 h / |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 4.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate; water / methanol / 1 h / pH 2 / |Inert atmosphere 4.2: pH 2 View Scheme

1.1: pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: acetic acid; hydroxylamine hydrochloride / 2 h / |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 3.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate; water / methanol / 1 h / pH 2 / |Inert atmosphere 3.2: pH 2 View Scheme

(i) NH2OH*HCl, EtOH, (ii) aq. KOH; Multistep reaction;