1: 5-cyano-valeramide With bromine; sodium methylate in methanol T=0 - 5°C; Hofmann Rearrangement; 0.5 h; 2: methanol T=55 - 60°C;

1.1: manganese(IV) oxide; water / 120 - 135 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: sodium methylate; bromine / methanol / 0.5 h / 0 - 5 °C 2.2: 55 - 60 °C View Scheme

sodium tetrahydroborate; Hg(NO3)2; mercury(II) oxide 1.) CH2Cl2, 8 h, reflux, 2.) CH2Cl2, H2O, 2 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: hydrogenchloride / toluene / 3 h / 10 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: sodium acetate / methanol / 1.33 h / -10 - 0 °C 3: acetic acid / ethyl acetate / 4 h / 65 - 70 °C View Scheme

1.1: hydrogenchloride / toluene / 3 h / 10 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: sodium acetate / acetonitrile / 0.5 h / 20 °C 2.2: 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 3.1: acetic acid / toluene / 1 h / |Reflux View Scheme