ammonium formate; palladium on activated charcoal in methanol 168 h; Heating;

1: 82.4 percent / aq. KMnO4, glacial acetic acid / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 99.4 percent / 168 h / 140 - 150 °C 3: 62 percent / ammonium formate / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 168 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 99.4 percent / 168 h / 140 - 150 °C 2: 62 percent / ammonium formate / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 168 h / Heating View Scheme

1: H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 2: 15.8 g / 0.83 h 3: 66 percent / HNO3 / 0.25 h 4: 97 percent / 86percent KOH / H2O; methanol / 0.5 h / 60 °C 5: 93 percent / H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 7: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

1: 15.8 g / 0.83 h 2: 66 percent / HNO3 / 0.25 h 3: 97 percent / 86percent KOH / H2O; methanol / 0.5 h / 60 °C 4: 93 percent / H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 6: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

1: 66 percent / HNO3 / 0.25 h 2: 97 percent / 86percent KOH / H2O; methanol / 0.5 h / 60 °C 3: 93 percent / H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 5: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

1: 93 percent / H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

1: 97 percent / 86percent KOH / H2O; methanol / 0.5 h / 60 °C 2: 93 percent / H2 / Raney nickel / ethanol / Ambient temperature 4: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

2: 1.) H2, 3.) NH4OH / 1.) Raney nickel / 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O View Scheme

ammonium hydroxide; hydrogen; nickel 1.) EtOH, RT, 25 min, 2.) 3.5 h, 3.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;