1: potassium carbonate / dimethyl sulfoxide / 2 h / Reflux 2: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 1 h / Reflux 3: pyridine; thionyl chloride / benzene / 1.5 h / Reflux 4: pyridine; 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / chloroform / 5 h / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: aq. borax 2: K2CO3 / dimethylformamide 3: aq. KOH View Scheme

1: NaOH 2: K2CO3 / KI 3: 4.25 g / LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h 4: 3.9 g / active MnO2 / CHCl3 / 0.5 h / Heating 5: 2.47 g / 50percent aqueous KOH / methanol / 5 h / Heating 6: 1) thallium(III) nitrate / methanol / 1) 1 h, 2) 3 h 7: 190 mg / aqueous HCl / methanol / 4 h / Heating 8: 10 mg / concentrated HCl / acetic acid / 1 h / water-bath View Scheme

1: 67 percent / NaOH / H2O; ethanol / 1 h / Heating 2: 75 percent / 4-dimethylaminopyridine / pyridine / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C 3: 97 percent / 10percent Pd-C / ethanol / Ambient temperature 4: 52 percent / Ag2O, drierite, quinoline 5: 80 percent / Ba(OH)2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 6: 39 percent / SO3-pyridine-complex / dimethylformamide / 0.08 h / 40 °C View Scheme

1: 62 percent / potassium carbonate / acetonitrile / 16 h / 20 °C 2: 100 percent / 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin / CHCl3 / 2 h / 20 °C 3: 99 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 14 h / 50 °C 4: 100 percent / Amberlyst 15E / methanol / Heating 5: 85 percent / potassium fluoride / dimethylformamide / 110 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate 2: potassium hydroxide 3: thionyl chloride View Scheme

1: K2CO3 / KI / acetone / 72 h / Heating 2: KOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 12 h / Heating 3: SOCl2 / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

1: K2CO3 / acetone / 16 h / Heating 2: LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 30 °C View Scheme

1.1: 32 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 72 h / 80 °C 2.1: 100 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 0 °C 3.1: 97 percent / DIBAH / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / -78 °C 4.1: 76 percent / PCC / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 20 °C 5.1: 30 percent aq. hydrogen peroxide; phenylselenic acid / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C 5.2: KOH / methanol / 0.5 h / 20 °C 6.1: KOH / dimethylsulfoxide / 3 h / 20 °C 7.1: 100 percent / hydrogen / 20 percent Pd(OH)2/C / methanol / 18 h / 20 °C 8.1: 98 percent / pyridine / diethyl ether / 4 h / 20 °C 9.1: AlCl3 / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 20 °C 9.2: 94 percent / aq. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / Heating 10.1: 60 percent / Huenig base / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / 20 °C 11.1: 77 percent / aq. K2CO3; n-Bu3NHSO4 / benzene / 20 h / 20 °C 12.1: NaH / dimethylsulfoxide / 3 h / 20 °C 12.2: aq. oxalic acid / 0 °C 12.3: AcOH; conc. HCl / 1.5 h 13.1: (COCl)2; DIPEA; DMSO / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / -78 - 20 °C 14.1: HMPA / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / -85 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane / 24 h / Reflux 2: lithium aluminium tetrahydride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 3: thionyl chloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / dichloromethane / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme