hydrogenchloride in isopropyl alcohol T=75°C; 5 h;

1: With potassium hydroxide in sulfolane; toluene T=80 - 85°C; 4 h; 2: With water in sulfolane; toluene T=30 - 35°C; 3: With hydrogenchloride in water; toluene T=20 - 25°C; 2 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: With potassium hydroxide in toluene T=110°C; 2: With water; sodium hydroxide in toluene 3: With hydrogenchloride in isopropyl alcohol T=20 - 25°C;

hydrogenchloride in isopropyl alcohol T=65 - 73°C; 2 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1.1: sodium hydroxide / xylene; butan-2-ol / 10 h / Heating 1.2: 78.5 percent / aq. HCl / propan-2-ol / pH 2 2.1: 89.5 percent / H2 / Pd/C / propan-2-ol / 3 h / 40 °C / 375.03 - 3750.3 Torr View Scheme

hydrogenchloride in isopropyl alcohol T=30 - 35°C; pH=3 - 4; 2 h; Purification / work up;

1: 85 percent / DBU / tetrahydrofuran / 6 h / 23 °C 2: (S,S)-[(salen)Al]2O; t-BuOH / cyclohexane / 54 h / 20 °C 3: 86 percent / Raney nickel / toluene; methanol / 14 h / 75 °C / 33614.6 Torr 4: sodium methoxide / toluene; methanol / 1 h / 75 °C 5: lithium aluminum hydride / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 5 h / 75 °C 6: 359 mg / aq. sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran / 14 h / 20 °C 7: triethylamine / toluene / 2 h / 23 °C 8: 86 percent / sodium methoxide / toluene; methanol / 14 h / 80 - 110 °C 9: 99 percent / HCl / propan-2-ol / 5 h / 75 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine / toluene / 2 h / 23 °C 2: 86 percent / sodium methoxide / toluene; methanol / 14 h / 80 - 110 °C 3: 99 percent / HCl / propan-2-ol / 5 h / 75 °C View Scheme

1: 86 percent / sodium methoxide / toluene; methanol / 14 h / 80 - 110 °C 2: 99 percent / HCl / propan-2-ol / 5 h / 75 °C View Scheme

1: 359 mg / aq. sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran / 14 h / 20 °C 2: triethylamine / toluene / 2 h / 23 °C 3: 86 percent / sodium methoxide / toluene; methanol / 14 h / 80 - 110 °C 4: 99 percent / HCl / propan-2-ol / 5 h / 75 °C View Scheme