water in further solvent(s) byproducts: C6H5CN; Sonication; (N2); solvent = 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea contg. water; 2 equivs. of Zn powder used; 30 °C; ultrasound applied for 8 h; 100percent conversion; not isolated; conversion and yield detd. by quenching with I2;

1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; [RhCl(η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene)]2 T=35°C; Substitution; 16 h;

Chromium (III) chloride in various solvent(s) T=20°C; Addition; cyclization; 8 h;

1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; [RhCl(η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene)]2 T=80°C; Substitution; 16 h;

N-chloro-succinimide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in various solvent(s) T=35 - 45°C;