sulfuric acid in N,N-dimethyl-formamide a) 120 deg C, 2 h, b) 140 deg C, 2 h;

1: With hydrogenchloride in water 2 h; Reflux; 2: With ammonia in water

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1: ammonia / 240 - 250 °C View Scheme

1: 53.8 percent / potassium hydroxide / acetone / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 94.3 percent / 4 h / 100 °C 3: 85.4 percent / DBU / acetonitrile / 0.5 h / Heating 4: 95.6 percent / amberlite IRA-400 chloride ion-exchange resin / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in acetone 3 h; Ambient temperature;

1: potassium hydroxide / acetone 2: potassium dichromate; sulfuric acid / water / Heating View Scheme