1: With acetic acid; lithium bromide in water T=20°C; 1 h; 2: With sodium nitrite in water T=-10 - 20°C; 6 h; 3: With sodium thiosulfate in water 0.333333 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite T=5 - 25°C;

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; sodium nitrite in water T=0°C; 1 h;