potassium permanganate; sodium hydroxide in water Reflux;

1: 77 percent / toluene / 95 °C 2: 32 percent / aq. NaOH; KMnO4 / 0.5 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 2: With potassium permanganate; water T=75°C;

1: sulfuric acid / Reflux 2: sodium tetrahydroborate; calcium chloride / ethanol / 2 h / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

hydrogenchloride

1: 88 percent / 10percent aq. NaOH / 2 h / Heating 2: 54.5 percent / HCl / 9 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 88 percent / 10percent aq. NaOH / 2 h / Heating 2: 54.5 percent / HCl / 9 h / Heating 3: 100 percent / Et3N / CHCl3 / 5 h / Ambient temperature 4: 84.5 percent / DIBAL / toluene / 0.5 h / -70 °C 5: 83.8 percent / piperidine / benzene / 22 h / Heating 6: 99.5 percent / H2 / Pd / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 5 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 7: 50percent aq. NaOH / 2 h / Heating 8: benzene / 2 h / Heating 9: 96.6 percent / 50percent aq. AcOH / 0.5 h / Heating View Scheme

acetyl chloride Heating;

1: With hydrogenchloride in methanol 18 h; Reflux; 2: With sodium hydrogencarbonate in water

1: methanol; HCl 2: concentrated aqueous NH3 View Scheme