1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; potassium tert-butylate; palladium diacetate in 1,4-dioxane T=70°C;

anhydrous 4,4'-bipyridyl; potassium hydroxide; potassium tert-butylate; potassium bromide in ammonia T=-38°C; electrochemical synthesis, working electrode: platinum grid, constant current 200 mA;

sodium hydride; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) 1.) DME, r.t., 10 min ; 2.) reflux, 6 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;